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第一百七十二章 秦国 湿法炼铜 胆铜法(1 / 2)

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“除非什么,大哥。”

“兄弟,你知不知道秦国用什么方法炼铜?”

“大哥,这秦国炼铜的方法我还真知道,他们其实和诸国一样,也用炭火来炼铜,但是秦国还有一种方法很是隐秘,这办法很少有人知道。”

“是将空青、白青、石胆和胆矾等物,以水化开,再将生铁打碎成块置入其中,最后得到沉积的铜泥,在加热冶炼城铜。”

“此法秦国一直保密,但是秦国经常从咱们白氏购买胆矾,空青、白青、石胆这些东西,所以我见到过一次他们的炼制,都是在陶缸之中进行。”

“大大的陶缸足足有几千只之多,胆矾,空青、白青、石胆被大概碾碎之后加入陶缸之中和水,一旦水清了就再加,很是神奇,我看了不明就里也就没太在意。”

“我的天,这就是湿法炼铜啊。兄弟所谓胆铜法又称湿法炼铜,就是把铁放在硫酸铜溶液里,这种溶液称为胆水。”

“以硫酸铜溶液中的铜离子被金属铁所置换而成为单质铜沉积下来的一种产铜方法。这种方法,得到铜的纯度极高,难怪秦国的铸剑如此厉害。”

实际上雷云知道的有关胆水取铜的最早描述见于汉代成书的淮南万毕术,其中就有曾青得铁则化为铜的话,曾青又名空青、白青、石胆和胆矾等,指天然硫酸铜或其他可溶性铜矿物。

湿法炼铜也称胆铜法,其生产过程就是三个步骤。一,浸铜,就是把铁放在硫酸铜溶液中,使胆矾中的铜离子被金属置换成单质铜沉积下来。

二,收集,即将置换出的铜粉收集起来,干燥,再加以熔炼、铸造。

而雷云知道的方法就有好几种。但总的来说主要有三种方法,第一种方法是在胆水产地就近随地形高低挖掘沟槽。

用茅草席铺底,把生铁击碎,排放在沟槽里,将胆水引入沟槽浸泡,利用铜盐溶液和铁盐溶液颜色差异。

浸泡至颜色改变后,再把浸泡过的水放去,茅草席取出,沉积在茅草席上的铜就可以收集起来。再引入新的胆水。只要铁块未被反应完,可周而复始地进行生产。

第二种方法是在胆水产地设胆水槽,把铁锻打成薄片排置槽中,用胆水浸没铁片,至铁片表面有一层红色铜粉覆盖,把铁片取出,刮取铁片上的铜粉。

这种方法比第一种方法麻烦是将铁片锻打成薄片。但铁锻打成薄片,同样质量的铁表面积增大,增加铁和胆水的接触机会。能缩短置换时间,提高铜的产率。

第三种方法是煎熬法,把胆水引入用铁质的容器中熬煮。这里盛胆水的工具既是容器又是反应物之一。

煎熬一定时间,能在铁容器中得到铜。此法长处在于加热和煎熬过程中,胆水由稀变浓,可加速铁和铜离子的置换反应,但这样的方式要消耗燃料。成本相对比前边的方法高。

所以宋代之前胆铜生产多采用前两种方法,宋代对胆铜法中浸铜时间的控制,也有比较明确的了解,知道胆水越浓,浸铜时间可越短。

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