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第三百五十七章 人命关天(1 / 1)

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英台说:“就算是挨板子,也要有人去声张正义,如果人人都这样怕挨打怕是的话,那这个世界还哪里有正义可言呢……”

林子轩说:“正义必然可贵,可是正义这样下去,我们首先要有保护自己的能力才能去寻找正义啊,不然的话连自己都保护不了的情况下,又怎么能去替别人伸张正义呢?”

银心说:“对呀,小姐你可千万不要一时冲动,什么事情我们也要等一下再说,商量好了再行动也不迟啊!”

梅香和小菊见她们说话,便赶紧解释道:“小姐,我们说的不对,你可千万不要认真,就当我们俩什么也没说过,还是我们顾全大局最重要了,你就听表少爷和银心的话吧,我们也不要给云雀儿申冤了!只要小姐平平安安的就好了……”

英台说:“苏小娥击鼓鸣冤这一举动,倒给刘邦一个启示,为方便百姓告状,他特下圣旨,命各级官署大门必须置一鼓一钟,并规定钟鼓一响,官必上堂,藉以显示便民、德政。到了清代,规定“必关军国大务、大贪大恶、奇冤异惨”方可击鼓。上诉程序从基层到各衙门仍不得申冤者,方许擂鼓,否则要处以重刑,而且擂鼓之声并非都可“直达圣听”。看来,苏小娥是最幸运的。”

林子轩说:“对呀!击鼓告状是不需要先挨板子的,但是要民告官,因为为了防止诬告和一些投机取巧的缘故,确实需要挨板子,以表示,你确实有冤。”

银心说:“但有件事,唐朝还是比较便宜:官员出了错,当然要被问责,但在唐朝,这事还讲究个主观动机,如果办案官员是犯了行贿受贿原则问题出错,当然要从重来,撤职流放都是起步价。但如果只是工作失误?那就可以从轻发落嘛,有时候仅仅降个职了事。就这灵活掌握,成了好些人护身符。以晚唐名臣牛僧孺叹息:出身显贵的官员,办了错案,也就当过失处理了,出身寒门的官员,出现了过失,经常被当错误严惩。错不错,关键看生的好不好!”

林子轩说:“不过放在宋朝,这事就不便宜了!宋朝的司法制度,和唐代一脉相承,相对更严格的是,每一个案子,参与讨论案情的官员和办案人员,都要在判决书上签字,一旦出现错案,哪怕只是提个意见,照样被追究责任!而且在追究责任上,宋朝也不看出身,就看后果!要是司法官员把该重的案子判轻了,处罚可能还不重,但如果是造成严重冤假错案,特别是冤杀这类恶性事故,管你什么出身,这就是“故入人罪”,严惩没跑!”

英台说:“怎么严惩?看看宋仁宗年间的陇州陇县的马文千案就知道:当时陇县乡民马文千,被人诬告为土匪,与四个好友一起被捕,然后就是令人发指的司法黑幕:马文千惨遭严刑拷打,悲惨死在牢里,其他四位含泪画押招供,不久后执行死刑。谁知刚执行完死刑就打脸:真凶落网了,怎么办?”

林子轩道:“依法办!整个陇州的司法系统被一锅端:陇州判官李谨言在内的五名直接办案人员,全数被开除公职后发配广东劳动改造。经办此案的狱卒官员,全都被刺字充军劳改,这几个官员受刑后不久,正好赶上大赦天下。但宋仁宗早防着,提前下好令:谁都能赦,就他们不能赦!既然判错案,就要付出最惨代价!当然放在优待官员的宋朝,这几个官员还不算太惨,如果到了明朝,更惨!”

银心说:“要说起来,明清零容忍,明太祖朱元璋,穷苦人出身,最恨司法黑幕,尤其恨官员造冤假错案,他在位时纠正的一个着名冤案,就是雷励案。御史雷励办案糊涂,把个无辜百姓流放了,气的朱元璋先把雷励流放,再把这事写到朝报上全国宣传。从此确立追责原则:谁办了错案,原样还你身上!在朱元璋的执政年代,这条原则确实执行彻底。但朱元璋本人性格强硬,办案从严从速,就算是反贪这样的好事,也都闹出冤事,比如明初清官腾德懋,倒霉卷入一起贪污案,最后无辜被法办。后来朱元璋得知冤情后火速追责,法办了一批办案人员,但一个好官救不回来了!”

林子轩说:“如此教训,后来朱棣痛定思痛,认定还是制度问题,所以他在位时,更完善了五复奏制度,而且还有创举:坚决依法办案,就算是皇帝,不经法律绝不能擅自判死刑!这事他真以身作则,一次户部发生钱粮案,朱棣一怒就要处决嫌犯,谁知司法官员硬顶,还没查明白您怎么就杀人?一顶朱棣就认了:非但没乱杀人,反而老老实实认错,保证永不再犯。如此人命关天的原则,才成立明朝开国百年盛世的基石!当然虽说慎杀,但明朝开国后的官员追责,依然是不放松,一旦出现错案,官员流放充军是轻,出了命案,更是神仙都没救!永乐二十一年的王愈案,就是官员追责标杆:御史王愈误判四人死刑,罪行和宋仁宗年间那几位一样,但判的更重:包括王愈在内的主审官员死刑,家产全部赔给受害者!这个案子,一度就是明朝追责量刑尺度!”

银心说:“而且在明朝,案件的复核也更成熟,特别是明英宗朱祁镇,经历了人生波折后痛定思痛,创立了朝审制度,每年秋天复核案卷,发现问题就平反,发现官员渎职就追责。这事在明朝中期,也是个官场高压线,隆庆年间朝审,查出个问题案件,涉案官员当时已经八十多岁退休在家,还是被充军了。退休你也跑不了!但是这个好制度,到了明末还是出了问题,明末党争激烈,官员拉帮结派,尤其是文官集团,只要是自己派系的案子,基本就大事化小。明末遗民的笔记里,记录了不少各派别官员,大事化小造冤案的典故,这样的典故扎堆里,明朝到底亡了!”

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